Test whether separate service-call and replacement-job contribution can support the paid field roster, productive dispatch capacity, callbacks, vehicles, parts cash timing, standing costs, and opening commitment. This Ohio profile connects official wage and population benchmarks to a defined operating scenario.
Local residential HVAC service and replacement contractor with two paid field technicians, paid dispatch and owner-manager coverage, two service vehicles, ordinary parts stock, and a defined service area
State benchmarks: May / July 2025 · Page prepared September 15, 2026
We examined the available wage records for this local residential hvac service and replacement contractor with two paid field technicians, paid dispatch and owner-manager coverage, two service vehicles, ordinary parts stock, and a defined service area, checked the Census population observations and calculated the staffing implications using the stated wage benchmarks. The results below show what that completed analysis establishes.
The same roster costs $21,467 at the selected Ohio wage benchmarks versus $21,190 at national medians, including the stated employer-cost allowance. This isolates wage differences; it does not compare local rent or customer spending.
Inspect the roles and source rows →The reference operating month exceeds EBIT break-even by 24.9 weighted-mix collected jobs per month. That is the sales margin available before the modeled operating profit disappears.
See the calculation and cash results →| Component | What the evidence establishes | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Wage records and state population | Selected May 2025 occupational records and July 2024/2025 Census estimates, with exact fields and source rows. | Source records checked |
| Paid payroll and break-even | Calculated from observed wage benchmarks and the explicitly modeled roster, employer allowance, price and costs. | Derived result |
| Opening budget and commercial costs | Published fit-out, equipment, occupancy and other allowances define this comparison scenario. State-specific commercial quotes have not yet replaced them. | Reference assumptions |
| Revenue | $94,100 per mature month follows 88 weighted-mix collected jobs per month at the stated price. It is not observed sales or a researched state revenue average. | Modeled sales assumptions |
Each test changes one input from the published reference. These are sensitivity tests, not local market forecasts or probability ranges.
| Test | Monthly EBIT | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Published reference | $15,223 | The stated inputs on this page |
| 20% fewer sales units | $4,471 | 70.4 weighted-mix collected jobs per month; other inputs unchanged |
| 25% higher occupancy cost | $14,423 | $4,000 per month; other inputs unchanged |
| 10% higher wage rates | $13,076 | Same paid roster; employer allowance unchanged |
The completed research covers the source observations and analysis described here. The funding and revenue scenarios still contain commercial assumptions; they are not a completed local feasibility study. Read the evidence and its limits.
Published research and calculations support business planning and education. They are not personalized financial, investment, tax or legal advice, and they do not guarantee costs, revenue, profit or financing. Estimates depend on the stated format, location, source periods and assumptions. Check the requirements and commitments that apply to your circumstances.
In the broad combined 238220 industry, 2023 County Business Patterns reports 2,970 employer establishments in Ohio. The 2022 Economic Census separately reports 3,056 establishments and $9,385,137,000 in receipts. NAICS 238220 combines plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contractors and includes new work, alterations, maintenance and repair; it does not isolate the frozen local residential HVAC service-and-replacement format. These industry totals describe context, not residential HVAC demand or a typical company forecast.
| County | Collection stratum | Establishments | Employees |
|---|---|---|---|
| Franklin County | major | 240 | 5,937 |
| Lucas County | secondary | 99 | 1,065 |
| Allen County | smaller | 24 | 381 |
The reported county rows reconcile to 99.9% of the state employer-establishment count. Major, secondary and smaller strata organize local source collection; they do not rank counties for opportunity.
Private employer employment in the broader NAICS 23822 group ranged from 44,660 in January to 46,726 in July during 2025, a peak-to-trough ratio of 1.05. This broader staffing series cannot measure residential service-call demand, replacement conversions or the reference company's seasonal workload.
| Source | Decision area | Captured finding | Limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. Census Bureau | industry scope | Naics: 238220; Definition: Establishments primarily engaged in installing and servicing plumbing, heating and air-conditioning equipment; work may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance and repairs, with parts and labor. | The code combines plumbing with heating and air-conditioning and includes new construction and other formats; counts and receipts are not HVAC-only. |
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | federal refrigerant credential | Requirement: Technicians who maintain, service, repair or dispose of covered stationary equipment in ways that could release regulated refrigerants must pass an EPA-approved certification test; coverage includes most substitute refrigerants. | Certification type must match equipment; the page does not replace state/local contractor licensing, safety training or employer verification. |
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | refrigerant purchasing | Topic: Restrictions on purchasing regulated refrigerants and documentation accepted from certified technicians or their employers | Exact refrigerant, cylinder, record and supplier practices still require plan-specific confirmation. |
| Ohio Laws | contractor licensing | Scope: Chapter 4740 licenses HVAC contractors for nonresidential construction projects as defined in the chapter; its construction-project definition excludes residential buildings under section 3781.06. · Experience: The ordinary exam-qualification route includes at least five years as a tradesperson in the licensed trade, subject to statutory alternatives. | A residential HVAC company cannot infer a single statewide residential credential rule from Chapter 4740; municipal and county rules, registration, permits and accepted credentials must be checked for each service area. |
| Ohio Laws | municipal residential specialty licensing | Scope: Municipal corporations may license and regulate residential specialty contractors. · Chapter4740 Acceptance: For work on a residential building, a municipal corporation may accept a valid Chapter 4740 license as satisfying its examination or certification requirements for the corresponding trade. | The statute does not establish what the selected municipality currently requires, whether it accepts a Chapter 4740 license, its fee, registration term, permit or inspection procedure. |
| Ohio Laws | county residential specialty licensing | Scope: A county may adopt rules to license residential specialty contractors for work in its unincorporated territory, subject to the statute. · Chapter4740 Acceptance: For work on a residential building, a county may accept a valid Chapter 4740 license as satisfying its examination or certification requirements for the corresponding trade. | The statute does not prove that the selected county has adopted licensing, accepts a Chapter 4740 license, or has a particular current fee, permit or inspection process. |
| Ohio Laws | contractor insurance | Minimum Contractor Liability Insurance Usd: $500,000 | The rule does not quote the premium and does not resolve every residential/local registration requirement. |
| City of Columbus Building and Zoning Services | local registration | Trade: Warm Air Heating/HVAC Contractor · Requirement: City application requests the Ohio Construction Industry Licensing Board qualification-license holder information and supporting registration materials. | The 2025 form must be re-opened for a 2026 application and does not prove approval, current fee or a permit for a particular job. |
The cited offers are dated list-price examples for specific diagnostic, repair, maintenance or replacement scopes. They do not establish collected invoices, a comparable state price distribution, service-to-replacement mix, demand or margin.
| Operator | Locality | Captured offer | Limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eco Plumbers, Electricians, and HVAC Technicians | Columbus | Offer: Full heating and cooling system replacement; Listed Range Usd: $10,000–$16,000 | The multi-trade operator's range is not a scoped address quote and does not reveal equipment cost, labor hours, financing, collected price or margin. |
| Tropicool | Columbus | Offer: Furnace diagnostic; Listed Price Usd: $89 · Offer: Installed furnace replacement; Listed Range Usd: $5,000–$13,000 | The replacement range depends on efficiency, venting and home size; it is not a full heating-and-cooling system comparable without scope normalization. |
| More Heat More Cool | Cincinnati / Dayton / Monroe | Offer: Seasonal tune-up promotion; Listed Price Usd: $49 · Offer: Basic Comfort Club; Listed Monthly Price Usd: $20; Listed Annual Price Usd: $249 · Offer: Premium Comfort Club; Listed Monthly Price Usd: $50; Listed Annual Price Usd: $600 | A promotion and recurring plans do not establish ordinary service-ticket realization or demand. |
| Extreme Heating & Air Conditioning | Dayton / Cincinnati | Offer: X-Plan membership; Listed Annual Price Usd: $249; Listed Monthly Price Usd: $21 | The offer includes credits, two tune-ups and discounts; recognized revenue and service use require separate measurement. |
| Hauck Bros. | Springfield / Clark County | Offer: Silver plan covering two units; Listed Monthly Starting Price Usd: $21 · Offer: Gold plan covering two units; Listed Monthly Starting Price Usd: $33 · Offer: Platinum plan covering two units; Listed Monthly Starting Price Usd: $57 | Starting prices and bundled plan benefits do not establish realized on-demand repair or replacement revenue. |
| Buckeye Comfort Solutions | Mentor / Lake County | Offer: Gold Performance Care; Listed Monthly Price Usd: $20 · Offer: Platinum Comfort Care; Listed Monthly Price Usd: $24 | The monthly prices bundle inspections, discounts and benefits; no member use, churn or repair conversion is disclosed. |
With the service and replacement assumptions held fixed, Ohio occupation rows produce $21,467 of loaded monthly payroll, 1.3% above the identical paid roster at national medians ($21,190). The reference calculation produces $361,549 of funding and $15,223 of mature monthly EBIT. It does not localize vehicle prices, equipment and parts, shop/storage, insurance, collected tickets, job mix or customer demand.
The national teaching case models 84 collected service calls at $525 plus 4 collected replacement jobs at $12,500. That yields $94,100 in mature monthly revenue before direct costs, based on authored inputs. 311.88 of 346.67 paid field hours are planned after the stated job cycles, callbacks and support time. The shared model's weighted job is valid only at this exact mix; changing the mix requires recomputing technician hours, contribution and parts cash.
Census County Business Patterns · 2022 Economic Census · BLS QCEW · BLS May 2025 OEWS · EPA Section 608 · Approved state research standard
The reference company uses two paid field technicians, paid dispatch and paid owner-manager coverage, two vehicles and a defined residential service area. Service calls and replacement jobs have different prices, direct parts and equipment, crew-hours, callback exposure and collection timing. The numbers below are authored planning inputs; the cited May 2025 occupation wages are the only geographic cost observations in this reference scenario.
| Revenue stream | Collected jobs | Revenue per job | Monthly revenue | Monthly direct costs | Monthly contribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Service calls | 84 | $525 | $44,100 | $13,944 | $30,156 |
| Replacement jobs | 4 | $12,500 | $50,000 | $26,400 | $23,600 |
| Combined | 88 | Fixed mix only | $94,100 | $40,344 | $53,756 |
The shared reference calculator accepts one volume, price and direct-cost share, so this exact 84:4 mix is represented there as 88 weighted collected job-equivalents at about $1,069.32 each and 42.87% direct costs. This is a disclosed calculation adapter, not an observed generic HVAC ticket. Change the mix in the two-stream calculator, then recompute contribution and technician capacity.
At the fixed mix in Ohio, the model requires 63.08 weighted job-equivalents for depreciation-inclusive EBIT break-even, about 60.21 service calls and 2.87 replacement jobs together. Operating EBITDA is $17,589, cash after the monthly maintenance allowance is $15,389, and EBIT after depreciation is $15,223 at the stated mature volume. These boundaries differ because maintenance cash and depreciation are separate costs.
The fixed mix plans 311.88 of 346.67 paid field hours, including 9.48 callback hours and 30 support hours. The 98-job ceiling applies only to this mix. The shared model calculates receivables; customer deposits, $24,400 of monthly replacement equipment and variable-job outlay, supplier credit and inventory aging need a separate cash schedule.
Opening funding in Ohio: $361,549 under the authored vehicle, tool, stock, premises, roster, ramp and buffer inputs. For a selected territory, replace those inputs with current qualified-person, permit, vehicle, insurance, supplier, staffing, collected-price, job-mix and demand evidence. Build the dispatch and callback plan before promising more jobs.
This completed planning profile combines checked state wage and population sources with a transparent financial scenario. Use its opening-cost, operating-cost and revenue figures as planning inputs, then replace location-sensitive assumptions when evaluating a specific address or service area.
| Evidence family | Published basis | What to confirm locally |
|---|---|---|
| Opening costs | Published planning inputs — replace with local quotes | premises scope, fitout, equipment, installation freight tax, deposits, preopening training, opening inventory, contingency |
| Operating costs | Published planning inputs — replace with local quotes | occupancy, utilities, insurance, materials, payment fees, marketing, software administration, maintenance |
| Paid labor and employer costs | State wage benchmark used — confirm employer costs | paid roster, wages, wage floor overtime, employer taxes, benefits leave, workers compensation, owner role |
| Revenue and collections | Published planning inputs — validate price and demand locally | realized price mix, demand volume, capacity, industry cross check, launch ramp, seasonality, collections |
| Permissions and fees | Confirm for the selected address | activity address jurisdiction, initial fees, recurring fees |
National equipment prices can support the plan where configuration, delivery and taxes match the intended purchase. Confirm rent, selling prices, demand and permissions for the actual location instead of applying a generic state adjustment.
The Census estimate for Ohio is 11,900,510 people. It grew by 39,889 between July 2024 and July 2025 (+0.34%). This statewide movement cannot identify a viable service territory, collected job mix or productive field schedule.
Using the same paid roster, Ohio occupational wages produce $21,467 of monthly loaded payroll. That is +1.31% relative to the identical roster priced with national occupation medians ($21,190). Only wage benchmarks change in this comparison; it does not measure a state’s overall business attractiveness.
BLS wage source · Census population source · Exact fields and workbook rows
Local residential HVAC service and replacement contractor with two paid field technicians, paid dispatch and owner-manager coverage, two service vehicles, ordinary parts stock, and a defined service area. A local residential HVAC service-and-replacement company using two paid field technicians, service vehicles, ordinary parts stock, and a defined service area.
Two paid field technicians supply 346.67 monthly hours. The authored 84-service-call and 4-replacement-job mix uses 176.40 service-cycle hours, 96.00 replacement crew-hours, 9.48 callback hours, and 30.00 hours for training, stocking, and meetings, leaving 34.79 hours. The 98-job engine ceiling preserves the fixed mix; generic HVAC jobs are not interchangeable, and the figures are not observed demand.
| Input | Reference assumption |
|---|---|
| weighted-mix collected jobs per month | 88 |
| Net selling price per weighted-mix collected job | $1,069.32 |
| Trading days / month | Monthly recurring-account model |
| Variable cost share | 42.9% |
| Occupancy / month | $3,200 |
| Other fixed costs / month | $11,500 |
| Employer cost allowance | 18% above base wages |
Service calls carry $145.00 of parts and consumables per collected call plus 2.5% for payment and financing and 1.5% for warranty parts and credits. Replacement jobs carry $5,500.00 of equipment and parts plus $600.00 for permits, disposal, and specialty work, the same percentage allowances, and a disclosed 42.87% fixed-mix adapter for the shared engine.. Vehicle, general liability, and other business insurance $2,500.00; fuel $1,800.00; recurring local marketing $4,000.00; dispatch, CRM, phones, and software $900.00; utilities and shop supplies $650.00; accounting, legal, licensing, and continuing education $750.00; tolls, parking, and telematics $400.00; recruiting, uniforms, and safety $500.00. Occupancy or storage and the monthly maintenance allowance are modeled separately.
| Role / SOC | Paid hours / month | Wage benchmark / hour | P25–P75 / hour | Base wages / month |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Two paid HVAC field technicians49-9021 · Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers · State observation | 346.7 | $30.06 | $23.27–$37.59 | $10,421 |
| Paid dispatcher and customer-service coverage43-4051 · Customer Service Representatives · State observation | 130 | $21.93 | $18.00–$25.25 | $2,851 |
| Paid owner-manager and qualifying-contractor coverage49-1011 · First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers · State observation | 130 | $37.85 | $29.45–$46.73 | $4,921 |
Base wages total $18,192 per month. An authored 18% allowance for employer costs adds $3,275, giving $21,467 of loaded payroll. The allowance is a planning shortcut; it is not a state-specific payroll tax calculation or benefits quote for Ohio.
The research handoff's occupational wage rows are broad occupation anchors for the stated period and geography. They do not establish company-specific hiring quotes, qualifications, lawful scheduling, employer obligations, technician eligibility, contractor authority, refrigerant authorization, or compensation terms. The reference pays the disclosed field and support hours rather than using unpaid owner work to create capacity. Every operating role is paid, including management or supervision. If the owner performs a modeled role, their compensation occupies that role once; no additional owner draw is included in operating profit.
The middle 50% wage interval describes the occupation’s observed wage distribution. It is not a confidence interval for this business’s total payroll. Allocate the aggregate hours across an actual roster and check wage rules, overtime, leave and employer obligations for the chosen location.
| Use of funds | Cash paid |
|---|---|
| Two late-model used cargo vans and basic upfits | $90,000 |
| Service, diagnostic and refrigerant-recovery tool packages | $28,000 |
| Installation, ladder, safety and lifting tools | $12,000 |
| Opening repair-parts and consumables stock | $20,000 |
| Recovery cylinders, A2L storage and PPE | $8,000 |
| Small shop or yard setup and office furniture | $12,000 |
| Licensing, certifications, insurance deposits and professional setup | $12,000 |
| Dispatch, CRM, phones, website and IT setup | $8,000 |
| Launch marketing | $15,000 |
| Opening contingency | $25,000 |
| Refundable deposit (two months of occupancy) | $6,400 |
| Paid pre-opening training | $4,246 |
| Total payments before opening | $240,646 |
The equipment and premises allowances are the same in all 50 states for this operating format. They are a comparison baseline and must be replaced with local scopes and quotes. Training uses 120 aggregate paid hours at the modeled team’s weighted loaded rate. The refundable deposit is cash tied up, not an operating expense.
The cash schedule tests 60 months, with sales ramping through 40%, 55%, 70%, 82%, 90%, 96%, 100% of the volume assumption. Full payroll and fixed costs begin in month one. The reserve covers the deepest cumulative operating deficit plus the stated buffer. A buffer is retained cash, not spending and not part of project payback twice.
The public model must distinguish booked, earned, invoiced, deposited, and collected amounts. Customer deposits for undelivered replacement work affect cash timing but do not create a second sale. Equipment and parts paid before final collection, supplier credit, receivable days, refunds, warranty recoveries, chargebacks, and taxes collected for government retain separate schedules. Asset purchases are depreciated over 60 months for this scenario. No sale or deposit recovery is assumed at the end.
At the assumed 88 weighted-mix collected jobs per month, the reference scenario produces $15,223 of mature monthly EBIT, a 16.2% operating margin. It requires 63.1 weighted-mix collected jobs per month for EBIT break-even. This result depends on unverified selling price, demand and premises inputs.
| Measure | Monthly amount |
|---|---|
| Revenue | $94,100 |
| Variable operating costs | $40,344 |
| Loaded payroll, including management | $21,467 |
| Occupancy assumption | $3,200 |
| Other fixed operating costs | $11,500 |
| EBITDA | $17,589 |
| Depreciation | $2,367 |
| Operating profit (EBIT) | $15,223 |
| Maintenance capital expenditure | $2,200 |
| Mature project cash flow | $15,389 |
EBIT break-even revenue is $67,453 per month: $38,533 of fixed costs plus depreciation divided by a 57.1% contribution margin. At $1,069.32 per weighted-mix collected job, that means 63.1 weighted-mix collected jobs per month and 64.4% of the stated capacity.
| Measure | Months 1–12 | Mature month |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $972,053 | $94,100 |
| Operating profit (EBIT) | $92,898 | $15,223 |
| Project cash flow | $89,065 | $15,389 |
Project payback occurs in month 22 in this reference schedule. It measures recovery of actual pre-opening payments from cumulative project cash, with no financing or owner distributions. It does not measure cash paid back to an owner.
Cancelled visits, open estimates, unfinished work, unpaid invoices, deposits for undelivered work, and callbacks can inflate the dispatch board without producing the contribution used by the model.
Service and replacement work use different direct materials, crew-hours, collection timing, callback exposure, and working cash. The weighted shared-model unit must retain its exact fixed mix and derivation.
Change the assumptions to see how this format responds. The sections above remain the published reference, so you can compare your scenario with the original. Use the browser-local export buttons below to save only the scenario you are working on.
Reference scenario. JavaScript enables editing and exports.
88 weighted-mix collected jobs per month × $1,069.32 = $94,100 revenue. Loaded payroll: $21,467 per month. Break-even uses 64.4% of capacity.
. The download preserves the published scenario and its source references.
Describe the exact entity, ownership, residential service and replacement tasks, equipment types, refrigerants, employee roles, subcontractors, service area, ordinary and emergency hours, vehicles, storage, disposal, customer contracts, deposits, warranties, and advertising. Ask the responsible federal, state, and local offices, insurer, and counsel which contractor, business, trade, refrigerant, building, mechanical, electrical, environmental, employer, tax, consumer, vehicle, storage, and disposal requirements apply.
| Workstream | Official starting points | What to ask |
|---|---|---|
| Business and activity | Which entity, name or activity registrations apply, and which local or specialist office also has responsibility? | |
| Tax | Which registrations and treatment apply to the actual goods or services, location and staffing arrangements? | |
| Employers | Which employer accounts, reporting steps and labor obligations apply to the planned paid roster? |
Take the activity, address, proposed equipment and staffing plan to the relevant office. Record applicability, supporting documents, fees, dependencies and renewal terms from the actual official response.
Agency routes were listed on the IRS Ohio directory when retrieved September 5, 2026. Links identify starting offices; they do not verify a permit, tax treatment, fee or opening time for this business. Open the full Ohio opening checklist →
Define a narrow residential scope and service area, then run authorized field tests. Record completed and collected service calls, replacement jobs, realized prices, direct costs, paid hours, travel, callbacks, and work declined.
Confirm the entity, ownership, contractor scope, individual qualifications, refrigerant tasks, local permits, insurance, two vehicles, tools, secure storage, disposal, and job documentation before accepting work.
Build the fixed service-and-replacement mix, supplier and deposit timing, productive schedule, maintenance investment, ramp loss, and cash buffer without assuming every inquiry becomes a completed job.
Repeat travel, diagnosis, labor, warranty parts, and customer recovery belong to the original job and reduce the next period's usable paid hours.
For a selected address or service area, collect an evidence pack covering premises and equipment quotes, paid demand, staffing, collection terms and the responsible authorities. The state wage and population evidence on this page does not supply those location-specific inputs.
State: Ohio, FIPS 39. Cross-industry, ownership 1235. H_MEDIAN supplies an available hourly benchmark; H_PCT25 and H_PCT75 describe the occupational distribution. 49-9021 (Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers), state workbook row 25587; 43-4051 (Customer Service Representatives), state workbook row 25452; 49-1011 (First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers), state workbook row 25559. Retrieved September 5, 2026.
The national comparison uses the same paid roster and these national H_MEDIAN observations: 49-9021, national workbook row 1115; 43-4051, national workbook row 872; 49-1011, national workbook row 1073. Any national value substituted for a suppressed state value is identified separately. National observations do not become state observations.
SUMLEV 040; STATE 39; POPESTIMATE2025 and POPESTIMATE2024. July 1 estimates; change and percentage change are calculated within the same vintage. Population is context, not a customer forecast.
OEWS covers employee jobs across industries. It is a statistical benchmark, not a hiring quote or legal wage floor. Employer benefits and overtime premiums are outside the wage measure; tips can be included.
An official route to the state government and major agencies. This directory does not confirm the fees, permits or approval times for a particular address or business.
All selling prices, demand, paid hours, employer allowance, premises, startup allowances, cost shares, ramp and cash buffer are authored planning inputs. No commercial quote or researched state total is implied.
A business format and a state record are joined by stable IDs. The shared calculation computes the outputs, and the template publishes static HTML with the source fields and original inputs. A change to evidence or a format triggers recalculation and review before republication.
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