Test whether the batch schedule, realized basket, sell-through and paid roster can support the fitted production premises. This Ohio profile connects official wage and population benchmarks to a defined operating scenario.
Leased retail bakery with on-site production, a focused bread-and-pastry mix and a fully paid production and counter team
State benchmarks: May / July 2025 · Page prepared September 11, 2026
We examined the available wage records for this leased retail bakery with on-site production, a focused bread-and-pastry mix and a fully paid production and counter team, checked the Census population observations and calculated the staffing implications using the stated wage benchmarks. The results below show what that completed analysis establishes.
The same roster costs $14,297 at the selected Ohio wage benchmarks versus $15,510 at national medians, including the stated employer-cost allowance. This isolates wage differences; it does not compare local rent or customer spending.
Inspect the roles and source rows →The reference operating month exceeds EBIT break-even by 9.1 completed retail orders per trading day. That is the sales margin available before the modeled operating profit disappears.
See the calculation and cash results →| Component | What the evidence establishes | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Wage records and state population | Selected May 2025 occupational records and July 2024/2025 Census estimates, with exact fields and source rows. | Source records checked |
| Paid payroll and break-even | Calculated from observed wage benchmarks and the explicitly modeled roster, employer allowance, price and costs. | Derived result |
| Opening budget and commercial costs | Published fit-out, equipment, occupancy and other allowances define this comparison scenario. State-specific commercial quotes have not yet replaced them. | Reference assumptions |
| Revenue | $50,000 per mature month follows 160 completed retail orders per trading day at the stated price. It is not observed sales or a researched state revenue average. | Modeled sales assumptions |
Each test changes one input from the published reference. These are sensitivity tests, not local market forecasts or probability ranges.
| Test | Monthly EBIT | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Published reference | $1,820 | The stated inputs on this page |
| 20% fewer sales units | -$4,590 | 128 completed retail orders per trading day; other inputs unchanged |
| 25% higher occupancy cost | $320 | $7,500 per month; other inputs unchanged |
| 10% higher wage rates | $390 | Same paid roster; employer allowance unchanged |
The completed research covers the source observations and analysis described here. The funding and revenue scenarios still contain commercial assumptions; they are not a completed local feasibility study. Read the evidence and its limits.
Published research and calculations support business planning and education. They are not personalized financial, investment, tax or legal advice, and they do not guarantee costs, revenue, profit or financing. Estimates depend on the stated format, location, source periods and assumptions. Check the requirements and commitments that apply to your circumstances.
The 2023 County Business Patterns extract reports 267 employer establishments and 2,351 employees in Retail Bakeries (NAICS 311811). The official industry is broader than this page's frozen format. Establishment counts do not measure a viable site, completed demand, startup cost or profitability.
| County | Stratum | Employer establishments | Employment observation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Franklin County | major | 32 | 325 · flag H |
| Lucas County | secondary | 7 | 46 · flag H |
| Allen County | smaller | Not published | No exact-industry CBP county row was published. |
The selected county rows are collection anchors for later premises, price and demand work. Reported county rows reconcile to 85.4% of the state establishment count; unpublished or flagged values remain visible. The 2022 Economic Census separately reports 232 establishments and $146,348,000 of receipts for the broad state industry, or $630,810 per establishment by division. That aggregate is not a sales forecast for this format.
| Source | Captured finding | Limit |
|---|---|---|
| Ohio Department of Commerce | Ohio's 2026 poster states an $11.00 non-tipped floor for covered employers and a $405,000 gross-receipts threshold. | Coverage and tip-credit facts must be checked; the smaller-employer federal floor and local recruiting market can differ. |
| Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules | An Ohio local licensor assigns risk level, fees and inspection frequency from the bakery's actual food processes. | The frozen menu and processes have not been submitted to Franklin, Lucas or Allen County licensors, so fees and risk level remain unresolved. |
| City of Columbus | A 2024 Columbus publication listed a $575 food plan review below 25,000 square feet; current 2026 confirmation is still required. | The source is not a verified 2026 fee schedule and cannot support the current Columbus opening budget without revalidation. |
| City of Columbus Department of Public Utilities | Columbus publishes 2026 water and sewer schedules, but meter size, location and bakery consumption are not yet known. | Meter size, inside/outside-city status, bakery gallons, irrigation and sewer billing facts are absent. |
1 direct menu page was retained for this state. None passes the approved comparable-price gate or establishes the realized value of one completed retail order.
| Operator | Locality | Captured examples | Research use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Freedom a la Cart Cafe + Bakery | Franklin County | Croissants: $5.00-$8.00; Muffin: $3.25; Scones: $4.00 | No — exploratory menu only. The café/social-enterprise format differs from the frozen bakery format and no secondary or smaller Ohio stratum was sampled. |
With the common operating case held fixed, Ohio wage benchmarks change loaded monthly payroll to $14,297, 7.8% below the identical roster at national medians ($15,510). The resulting reference scenario shows $386,933 of funding, $1,820 of mature monthly depreciation-inclusive operating result and 150.92 completed retail orders per trading day at break-even. These outputs remain a sensitivity, not completed Ohio opening-cost, operating-cost or revenue research.
No exact-content human research review has been recorded. The approved state method still requires sufficient comparable local evidence for opening costs, operating costs and revenue before a completed state study can be claimed.
Census 2023 state CBP · Census 2023 county CBP · 2022 Economic Census · BLS May 2025 OEWS · Approved state research standard
The methodology was approved on September 6, 2026. The completed work on this page covers wage and population analysis. The opening costs, operating costs and revenue below remain a reference scenario while local commercial evidence is collected.
| Evidence family | Current status | Required work |
|---|---|---|
| Opening costs | Local evidence incomplete | premises scope, fitout, equipment, installation freight tax, deposits, preopening training, opening inventory, contingency |
| Operating costs | Local evidence incomplete | occupancy, utilities, insurance, materials, payment fees, marketing, software administration, maintenance |
| Paid labor and employer costs | Wage benchmark available; employer costs unresolved | paid roster, wages, wage floor overtime, employer taxes, benefits leave, workers compensation, owner role |
| Revenue and collections | Local evidence incomplete | realized price mix, demand volume, capacity, industry cross check, launch ramp, seasonality, collections |
| Permissions and fees | Local evidence incomplete | activity address jurisdiction, initial fees, recurring fees |
A national equipment price may be reused where its configuration, delivery and taxes apply. Missing rent, selling-price or demand evidence cannot be filled with a shared state default. Until that evidence exists, no researched state funding or revenue total is claimed.
The Census estimate for Ohio is 11,900,510 people. It grew by 39,889 between July 2024 and July 2025 (+0.34%). This statewide movement cannot identify a viable catchment, product sell-through or realized basket.
Using the same paid roster, Ohio occupational wages produce $14,297 of monthly loaded payroll. That is −7.82% relative to the identical roster priced with national occupation medians ($15,510). Only wage benchmarks change in this comparison; it does not measure a state’s overall business attractiveness.
BLS wage source · Census population source · Exact fields and workbook rows
Leased retail bakery with on-site production, a focused bread-and-pastry mix and a fully paid production and counter team. A neighborhood retail bakery producing a focused bread-and-pastry range on site and selling it directly through a staffed counter.
The authored production plan uses a 220-order daily ceiling and a base case of 160 completed retail orders. The ceiling is a planning assumption, not a measured batch study or demand forecast. The actual limit is the lowest whole-order result supported by product mix, batch yields, paid production time, mixer and bench work, proofing, oven load, cooling, finishing, display replenishment and counter service. Finished goods are not earned revenue until customers buy them.
| Input | Reference assumption |
|---|---|
| completed retail orders per trading day | 160 |
| Net selling price per completed retail order | $12.50 |
| Trading days / month | 25 |
| Variable cost share | 35.9% |
| Occupancy / month | $6,000 |
| Other fixed costs / month | $5,600 |
| Employer cost allowance | 18% above base wages |
29% ingredients, ordinary batch loss and packaging plus 3.9% payment fees and 3% freshness, discount and discard allowance; paid production and counter work remain in payroll. Utilities $2,000; insurance $700; software and administration $1,100; marketing $1,000; cleaning, waste, pest control and miscellaneous costs $800 per month. Maintenance investment is modeled separately at $1,000 per month.
| Role / SOC | Paid hours / month | Wage benchmark / hour | P25–P75 / hour | Base wages / month |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Production lead and baker coverage51-3011 · Bakers · State observation | 400 | $16.62 | $13.61–$18.10 | $6,648 |
| Two paid counter and utility workers35-3023 · Fast Food and Counter Workers · State observation | 400 | $13.67 | $12.89–$14.39 | $5,468 |
Base wages total $12,116 per month. An authored 18% allowance for employer costs adds $2,181, giving $14,297 of loaded payroll. The allowance is a planning shortcut; it is not a state-specific payroll tax calculation or benefits quote for Ohio.
Bakers is the production wage benchmark and Fast Food and Counter Workers is a broad retail-counter proxy. They do not establish a local hiring quote, skill mix, lawful schedule or employer obligation. The production lead, baker coverage and two counter and utility roles are paid across the complete production, retail and sanitation day; no owner labor is used to create capacity. Every operating role is paid, including management or supervision. If the owner performs a modeled role, their compensation occupies that role once; no additional owner draw is included in operating profit.
The middle 50% wage interval describes the occupation’s observed wage distribution. It is not a confidence interval for this business’s total payroll. Allocate the aggregate hours across an actual roster and check wage rules, overtime, leave and employer obligations for the chosen location.
| Use of funds | Cash paid |
|---|---|
| Design, plan-review and permit allowance | $15,000 |
| Tenant improvements and production utilities | $125,000 |
| Production, retail and dishwashing equipment | $95,000 |
| Equipment installation, freight and tax | $20,000 |
| Smallwares and opening inventory | $8,000 |
| Opening contingency | $30,000 |
| Refundable deposit (two months of occupancy) | $12,000 |
| Paid pre-opening training | $1,716 |
| Total payments before opening | $306,716 |
The equipment and premises allowances are the same in all 50 states for this operating format. They are a comparison baseline and must be replaced with local scopes and quotes. Training uses 96 aggregate paid hours at the modeled team’s weighted loaded rate. The refundable deposit is cash tied up, not an operating expense.
The cash schedule tests 60 months, with sales ramping through 40%, 55%, 70%, 82%, 90%, 96%, 100% of the volume assumption. Full payroll and fixed costs begin in month one. The reserve covers the deepest cumulative operating deficit plus the stated buffer. A buffer is retained cash, not spending and not part of project payback twice.
The reference assumes card or cash collection when a retail order is completed. Pre-orders, customer deposits, refunds, wholesale accounts, delivery-platform settlements and gift balances need separate earned-revenue, liability and collection schedules. Opening ingredients and packaging are funded upfront; replenishment is represented in variable costs. Asset purchases are depreciated over 60 months for this scenario. No sale or deposit recovery is assumed at the end.
At the assumed 160 completed retail orders per trading day, the reference scenario produces $1,820 of mature monthly EBIT, a 3.6% operating margin. It requires 150.9 completed retail orders per trading day for EBIT break-even. This result depends on unverified selling price, demand and premises inputs.
| Measure | Monthly amount |
|---|---|
| Revenue | $50,000 |
| Variable operating costs | $17,950 |
| Loaded payroll, including management | $14,297 |
| Occupancy assumption | $6,000 |
| Other fixed operating costs | $5,600 |
| EBITDA | $6,153 |
| Depreciation | $4,333 |
| Operating profit (EBIT) | $1,820 |
| Maintenance capital expenditure | $1,000 |
| Mature project cash flow | $5,153 |
EBIT break-even revenue is $47,161 per month: $30,230 of fixed costs plus depreciation divided by a 64.1% contribution margin. At $12.50 per completed retail order, that means 150.9 completed retail orders per trading day and 68.6% of the stated capacity.
| Measure | Months 1–12 | Mature month |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $516,500 | $50,000 |
| Operating profit (EBIT) | -$31,686 | $1,820 |
| Project cash flow | $8,314 | $5,153 |
Project payback is not reached within the 60-month reference schedule. It measures recovery of actual pre-opening payments from cumulative project cash, with no financing or owner distributions. It does not measure cash paid back to an owner.
A full rack or display creates inventory. Only sold products inside completed orders create earned retail revenue.
Additional recipes compete for mixer, bench, proofing, oven, cooling, finishing, display and paid labor time.
Change the assumptions to see how this format responds. The sections above remain the published reference, so you can compare your scenario with the original. The full setup and data can be downloaded below.
Reference scenario. JavaScript enables editing and exports.
4,000 completed retail orders per month × $12.50 = $50,000 revenue. Loaded payroll: $14,297 per month. Break-even uses 68.6% of capacity.
Download published inputs, sources and calculations (JSON). The download preserves the published scenario and its source references.
Describe the exact retail and on-site production scope, product range, ingredients and allergens, packaging or labeling, layout, equipment schedule, power or gas, ventilation, water, drainage, refrigeration, storage, deliveries, waste, pest control, customer seating if any, operating hours and paid roster. Ask the responsible state and local offices which business, food, premises, fire, building, employer, tax and product-specific requirements apply to the actual address and sales channels.
| Workstream | Official starting points | What to ask |
|---|---|---|
| Business and activity | Which entity, name or activity registrations apply, and which local or specialist office also has responsibility? | |
| Tax | Which registrations and treatment apply to the actual goods or services, location and staffing arrangements? | |
| Employers | Which employer accounts, reporting steps and labor obligations apply to the planned paid roster? |
Take the activity, address, proposed equipment and staffing plan to the relevant office. Record applicability, supporting documents, fees, dependencies and renewal terms from the actual official response.
Agency routes were listed on the IRS Ohio directory when retrieved September 5, 2026. Links identify starting offices; they do not verify a permit, tax treatment, fee or opening time for this business. Open the full Ohio opening checklist →
Fix the bread-and-pastry range, batch size, saleable yield, realized prices, packaging, hold times, discount and discard rules. Map whole batches and paid work through every production stage and retail interval.
Obtain a measured fit-out and installed-equipment scope covering power or gas, ventilation, fire route, water, drainage, refrigeration, sinks, finishes, deliveries, storage, waste and customer flow. Resolve the actual use with the landlord, utilities and responsible food, building and fire authorities.
Produce the focused mix in a lawful test setting. Record finished, saleable, sold, discounted and discarded items, completed orders, realized baskets, paid hours and equipment exceptions before increasing the range or committing to the premises.
The actual equipment loads, ventilation, fire systems, water, drainage, finishes and production use determine whether the address is usable.
A fully researched city case for this business in Ohio has not been prepared. The next content improvement is an address-specific evidence pack covering quotes, demand, staffing, collection terms and responsible authorities.
State: Ohio, FIPS 39. Cross-industry, ownership 1235. H_MEDIAN supplies an available hourly benchmark; H_PCT25 and H_PCT75 describe the occupational distribution. 51-3011 (Bakers), state workbook row 25616; 35-3023 (Fast Food and Counter Workers), state workbook row 25364. Retrieved September 5, 2026.
The national comparison uses the same paid roster and these national H_MEDIAN observations: 51-3011, national workbook row 1167; 35-3023, national workbook row 699. Any national value substituted for a suppressed state value is identified separately. National observations do not become state observations.
SUMLEV 040; STATE 39; POPESTIMATE2025 and POPESTIMATE2024. July 1 estimates; change and percentage change are calculated within the same vintage. Population is context, not a customer forecast.
OEWS covers employee jobs across industries. It is a statistical benchmark, not a hiring quote or legal wage floor. Employer benefits and overtime premiums are outside the wage measure; tips can be included.
An official route to the state government and major agencies. This directory does not confirm the fees, permits or approval times for a particular address or business.
All selling prices, demand, paid hours, employer allowance, premises, startup allowances, cost shares, ramp and cash buffer are authored planning inputs. No commercial quote or researched state total is implied.
A business format and a state record are joined by stable IDs. The shared calculation computes the outputs, and the template publishes static HTML with the source fields and original inputs. A change to evidence or a format triggers recalculation and review before republication.
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